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Touch-based fingerprints are widely used in today's world;even with all the success, the touch-based nature of these is a threat, especially in this COVID-19 period. A solution to the same is the introduction of Touchless Fingerprint Technology. The workflow of a touchless system varies vastly from its touch-based counterpart in terms of acquisition, pre-processing, image enhancement, and fingerprint verification. One significant difference is the methods used to segment desired fingerprint regions. This literature focuses on pixel-level classification or semantic segmentation using U-Net, a key yet challenging task. A plethora of semantic segmentation methods have been applied in this field. In this literature, a spectrum of efforts in the field of semantic segmentation using U-Net is investigated along with the components that are integral while training and testing a model, like optimizers, loss functions, and metrics used for evaluation and enumeration of results obtained. © 2022 IEEE.
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The terrifying and rigorous effects of COVID-19 have stunned India and in fact the whole world to its core. Like other countries, the government of India has also closed all its schools, colleges and universities to contain the further spread of this highly contagious virus. An attempt has been made to shift the traditional teaching to online teaching ignoring the fact that in India, only 47% of the households are getting electricity for more than 12 h a day and only 24% of Indians have smart phones, which are the basic requirements for online classes. In this chapter, a survey-based analysis has been done among the students and teachers of the Punjab state of India to highlight the difficulties faced by them in online classes amid COVID-19. Recommendations from the chapter will certainly help the state government in further drafting educational policies for online teaching. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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The world is currently facing a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory illness, various studies have demonstrated the ability of this virus in spreading to extrapulmonary sites, thereby leading to multiorgan failure and eventually death in highly susceptible individuals. The scourge of the virus world over has led to a severe impact (direct and indirect) on the mental health of individuals belonging to all age groups. In this context, the role of gut microbiota in influencing mental health via the gut-brain axis holds immense significance. Recent evidences have highlighted the possible link between COVID-19 infection, gut dysbiosis, and various psychological and neurological abnormalities. Thus, maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome becomes imperative given the absence of a definite cure to such a dangerous illness as COVID-19. Various strategies such as regular intake of a healthy diet and personalized nutrition, co-supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics, should be adopted wherein gut microbiota profile can be manipulated for providing multiple benefits to the host. Religiously following such practices will not only enrich the gut with beneficial microbes and boost host immunity but also prove to be a strong prophylactic measure in reducing the incidence/severity of diseases such as COVID-19 virulence and result in improved prognosis of infected individuals. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
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Aims: To describe combined neural and muscular interventions in post covid exacerbations of cancer pain with disabilities.To present a new perspective of neuromyopathy to explain Intractable CA pancreas pain. Introduction: Additional challenges in cancer pain management are due to cancer treatment complications (chemotherapy, radiotherapy). CA Pancreas pains routinely addressed with oral neuromodulators, opioids neurolytic coeliac plexus block (NCPB) or splanchnic nerve radiofrequency ablation (SRF). 75 years male, CA pancreas with spine, pelvic bone metastasis, post chemotherapy radiotherapy. 6 months bedridden with post covid exacerbations in pain (vas 10/10) received prior painkillers. Started oral pregabalin 75mg od, ultracet bd, myospaz bd. Result(s): With 15 days medications vas 6/10, patient could sit on wheelchair. Given sciatico-femoral block, pain reduced vas 2/10 but recurred in 7 day vas 5/10. Started USGDN of tight back and lower limb muscles with 32G solid needles.post3 sessions vas 2/10, able to walk with support after 4 weeks. Discussion(s): Viscerosomatic convergence at the dorsal horn neurons produces visceral pain referred to back and abdominal muscles led to muscle spasm with generation of myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)and pain. USGDN addresses MTrPs. Needle insertion produces local twitch reflex (LTR) followed by muscle relaxation with pain relief. Neural interventions addresses only visceral nociceptive afferents from celiac plexus which forms 10% of total spinal cord afferent input which sensitizes peripheral and central motor nociceptive pathway processing neuromyopathy. Conclusion(s): Viscerosomatic convergence with muscles involvement (neuromyopathy) proved to be effectively managed by using combined approaches, neuromoduation and USGDN in Ca pancreas pain with disabilities.Copyright © 2023
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Since inception of Corona Virus, 47.6 Cr. individuals got infected and 61L deaths occurred. Still it's going on and spreading across the world. Many health workers, researchers, experts, scientists are making efforts to slow down its pace & putting efforts in evaluating the techniques to detect it. For this, it is highly required to understand the virus & its versions. It is a part of SARS - Severe acute respiratory syndrome. To detect COVID, there are numerous ways but using Chest X-beams we are able to reduce the detection time and cost. To evaluate the Chest X-beams we need radiologists. So here, we develop a model to identify COVID X-beam in comparison to Normal X-beam. These days DL algo's are producing best results in classification. A pre-trained CNN models using large datasets is to preferred for image classification. Firstly our models need to be trained and then tested to recognize the images of X-beams of one of the either case. Logically we have to locate the best CNN model for diagnosis. © 2022 IEEE.
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In today's era, digital documents are used in official proceedings and various commercial online platforms. With the advent of Digital locker facilities, a digital document is admissible in various Government and private sectors. Due to this, the misuse of digital documents is increasing and criminal activity has surged during COVID times. Digital documents can be easily manipulated with the help of image-processing software applications. Manipulations include forgeries and duplication in the documents, counterfeiting in currency notes, and alteration and tampering in government documents or personal documents have increased manifolds. In the present study, a preliminary attempt has been made to analysed digitally manipulated documents by using different software which includes JPEG snoop, Adobe Photoshop CS5, and forensically beta software. Apart from that, in this paper new methodology to authenticate manipulations in scanned documents is devised. The authors were able to detect manipulations in altered documents like mark sheets, COVID certificates, Id cards, driving licenses, and passports. The morphological attributes like changes in background colour, variations in pixel size, and specifically appearance of dots and layers were observed. The results obtained were conclusive and were able to detect the manipulations, as well as the date and time of alterations, were detected with help of Forensic beta software.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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The basic frequency, formants, pitch, and strength of an individual's voice are compared to a disguised voice using various masks in this study. The greatest obstacle arises when scenarios involving disguised speech samples are encountered for assessment and recognition. Such audio samples of anonymous callers are widespread in crimes such as abduction, blackmail, fake extortion, and many others, where the speaker makes a conscious effort to mask their identity due to fear of being discovered. Because the use of face masks during pandemics has resulted in voice-altering strategies that may mislead the identification of a person based on voice, the study was conducted on thirty male and female subjects from the Punjab region wearing various types of masks. As a result, the goal of this study is to compare the durability of features present in normal voice with sound from the same subject wearing various types of COVID-19 protective masks. The voices were analyzed using Praat software, and a comparison study was conducted. The results of spectrographic study of mono and stereo sounds of both male and female voices revealed considerable alterations in their overall spectrum. The entire study yielded significant results that may be useful to a forensic scientist studying instances involving voice identification and analysis. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
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Research on financial contagion has witnessed an exponential growth over the last two decades due to increase of interdependence among financial markets of various countries. In the present study, bibliometric analysis has been employed to summarize the present status and to identify significant gaps in the prevalent literature on financial contagion. The Scopus database has been used to retrieve information pertaining to 456 research papers on financial contagion via keyword searching approach over the period of more than two decades ranging from 1997 to 2021. Performance analysis techniques have provided valuable insights into the most influential authors, countries, organizations and journals that play active role in enriching the literature on the selected theme. Scientific mapping technique, namely bibliographic coupling has also been used to establish the linkage among those published papers that cite the same document. As a result, a thorough examination of the financial contagion documents not only examines current research characteristics and trends but also assists the researchers in determining the best research entrance point and in conducting in-depth research. © 2023 Fortune Institute of International Business.
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Background Antiviral agents, such as remdesivir, have shown promising results in helping reduce the morbidity and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. However, an increasing number of studies have reported a relationship between Remdesivir and bradycardia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between bradycardia and outcomes in patients on remdesivir. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 2,935 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to seven hospitals in Southern California in the United States between January 2020 and August 2021. First, we did a backward logistic regression to analyze the relationship between remdesivir use and other independent variables. Finally, we did a backward selection Cox multivariate regression analysis on the sub-group of patients who received remdesivir to evaluate the mortality risk in bradycardic patients on remdesivir. Results The mean age of the study population was 63 years;56% were males, 44% received remdesivir, and 52% developed bradycardia. Our analysis showed that remdesivir was associated with increased odds of bradycardia (OR 1.9, p<0.001). Patients that were on remdesivir in our study were sicker patients with increased odds of having elevated CRP (OR 1.03, p<0.001), elevated WBC on admission (OR 1.06, p<0.001), and increased length of hospital stay (OR 1.02, p=0.002). However, remdesivir was associated with a decreased odds of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.53, p<0.001). In the sub-group analysis comparing bradycardia and non-bradycardia patients that received remdesivir, bradycardia was associated with decreased mortality risk (HR 0.69, p=0.002). Conclusion Our study showed that remdesivir was associated with bradycardia in COVID-19 patients. However, it decreased the odds of being on a ventilator, even in patients with increased inflammatory markers on admission. Furthermore, patients on remdesivir that developed bradycardia did not have any increased risk of death. Therefore, clinicians should not withhold remdesivir from patients at risk of developing bradycardia because bradycardia in such patients was not found to worsen the clinical outcome.Copyright © 2023 American College of Cardiology Foundation
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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine developed by Oxford and AstraZeneca for a disease we all know as Coronavirus, or COVID-19. Ongoing clinical studies reveal that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has a tolerable safety profile and is effective against symptomatic COVID-19. This vaccine may prove crucial in boosting herd immunity, averting life threatening illness, and relieving the current pandemic. In this mini review, we performed a thorough literature search through PubMed and Google Scholar and reported various case reports associated with complications of the adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Various adverse effects of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were reported around the globe, which were often serious but rare and developed into life-threatening pathologies such as GBS, thrombocytopenia, demyelinating neuropathies, progressive dementia, cerebral infarction, IgA vasculitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, herpes zoster, cutaneous reactions, and vein thrombosis. These worldwide reported complications, which are usually rare and severe, will aid clinicians in understanding and managing unforeseen situations. There is a need for more research to find out more about these complications and their etiopathogenesis. However, the benefits of these vaccinations for stopping the spread of the outbreak and lowering the fatality rate outweigh the potential risk of the uncommon complications.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks caused a significant mortality and morbidity at a global level. Maternal and child health (MCH) services are one of the most affected services during the pandemic. Maternal health is an essential component of high-quality maternal care, according to the WHO framework for the quality care for pregnant women and newborns. The aim of this study was to provide a review of COVID-19 impact on MCH services. The Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were systematically searched. Articles reporting MCH services, COVID-19, and coronavirus were included for assessment. The initial search resulted in 106 records. After the primary screening of titles, s, and full texts and removing duplicates, 11 articles were selected and included in this review study. The findings revealed that the range of projected maternal mortality and child mortality was 1.3%-38.6% and 9.8%-44.7%, respectively. Additionally, the review highlighted that there is a huge impact of COVID-19 on the utilization of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health services. Moreover, the study also reported huge increases in maternal mental health issues, such as clinically relevant anxiety and depression. There is a need to identify the factors and the prompt management of maternal health services during COVID-19. Hence, clinicians should maintain reproductive and maternal care and MCH during any pandemic. © 2022 Medical Journal of Babylon ;Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
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COVID-19, A Pandemic with its increasing pace has spread across the globe. The medical care system was badly hit by it as the number of patients fared the number of available hospital beds and other facilities required to treat patients. To rescue, various Internet of Things (IoT) based devices were proposed to combat COVID-19 by offering a helping hand to the medical care system. The pace at which the death rate was increasing, it became the need to combat the root cause of COVID-19, the root cause being the quick spread. ID-Card though not so famous IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) device can be made to work smart, smart enough to monitor the home isolated patients, to keep a check on a precautionary distance measure and much more. The study aims to explore and discuss the state-of-the-art of various IoT to control the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) spread by tracing out positive patients and stopping this chain by tracing symptoms just a click away. The IoMT Smart-ID-Card is proposed to easefully detect, monitor, and combat COVID-19. © 2022 IEEE.
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In today's era, digital documents are used in official proceedings and various commercial online platforms. With the advent of Digital locker facilities, a digital document is admissible in various Government and private sectors. Due to this, the misuse of digital documents is increasing and criminal activity has surged during COVID times. Digital documents can be easily manipulated with the help of image-processing software applications. Manipulations include forgeries and duplication in the documents, counterfeiting in currency notes, and alteration and tampering in government documents or personal documents have increased manifolds. In the present study, a preliminary attempt has been made to analysed digitally manipulated documents by using different software which includes JPEG snoop, Adobe Photoshop CS5, and forensically beta software. Apart from that, in this paper new methodology to authenticate manipulations in scanned documents is devised. The authors were able to detect manipulations in altered documents like mark sheets, COVID certificates, Id cards, driving licenses, and passports. The morphological attributes like changes in background colour, variations in pixel size, and specifically appearance of dots and layers were observed. The results obtained were conclusive and were able to detect the manipulations, as well as the date and time of alterations, were detected with help of Forensic beta software. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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The number of people affected by the ongoing coronavirus has fluctuated rapidly and it has become strenuous to predict when will this pandemic end. To impede the spread of this virus, it is the need of the hour to maintain a social distance, wear masks and sanitize regularly. No doubt, the mortality rate has escalated, summing to a large percentage of population and destroying lives and economies with it. In India, mortality has climbed to as high as 3.2% as per the Indian Express, with recovery rate summing to 81.55% according to Times of India. Therefore, it has become prudent to determine and predict the effect and drawbacks of various factors such as testing, mortality rate and confirmed cases on the recovery rate. Due to progression and evolution in the discipline of machine learning, it has become practicable to get a middling figure of effects of these factors on death rate. Regression, one of the most broadly exhausted machine learning and statistics algorithm, is used to make predictions from data by learning the relationship between the features. In this article, regression algorithms are used to anticipate the same by using a cumulative data of all states in India. Study compares the ramification of the number of testing done and their impact on the recuperation of life due to the virus. Therefore, based on the research and computing, it was found that ridge regression gave the highest accuracy equivalent to 99.6%. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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MXene-based nanomaterial is a revolution 2D material achieving outstanding scientific attention owing to its universal characteristics for different applications (such as electronic appliances, power production, sensors, drug transfer, and biomedical). Although, the cytotoxic consequences of MXene have a considerable circumstance. Thus, rigorous investigation of the biocompatibility of MXene is a crucial prerequisite, formerly the preface to the human biological approach. Literature reveals functional outcomes wherever MXenes are used in vitro and in vivo cancer representatives. It affects drug transfer methods, sensoring electrodes, and assisting mechanisms for photothermal treatment and hyperthermy techniques. In this review, the synthesis process (such as top-down and bottom-up approaches) and properties (such as mechanical, electrical, optical, oxidative/thermal stability, and magnetic) of MXene-based nanomaterials (NMs) are discussed. In addition, the different applications (such as tissue engineering, cancer theranostic, and other biomedical [such as drug delivery biosensors and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for biomedical applications], antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties against SARS-CoV-2) of MXene-based NMs are discussed in detail. Finally, the conclusion, existing challenges, and future outlooks are highlighted for more scope in this field.
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Introduction: Malaysia experienced a surge in the number of active COVID-19 cases. As a result, the government came out with several measures and standard operating procedures to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the most significant measures is by allowing the sale of COVID-19 self-test kits. This enables the public to do a self-test when they are close contacts or exhibiting symptoms. It enables immediate self-quarantine when found positive. This will restrict the spread of the COVID- 19 virus. Community pharmacies around the country have been in the forefront in selling the COVID-19 self-test kits. Their accessibility and role in counselling has made community pharmacists as an important figure in selling and counselling the public on the sale and use of COVID-19 self-test kits. Objective(s): The objective of the study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perspectives of community pharmacists in the sale of COVID-19 self-test kits in Ipoh, Perak. Material(s) and Method(s): A cross-sectional survey study design was used to conduct this study. It was carried out via an online structured questionnaire distributed among the community pharmacists in Ipoh, Perak. 62 community pharmacists in Ipoh responded to this survey. Result(s) and Conclusion(s): It was found that 88.71% of the respondents have a good knowledge about the COVID-19 self-test kits. Around 58% of them portrayed a moderate attitude while selling the COVID-19 self-test kits, which included the demonstration and counselling. Whereas 58.2% of the community pharmacists showed moderate level of perspective while selling COVID-19 self-test kits sales. There is a need for the community pharmacists to undergo more training on COVID-19 self-test kits to improve their level of attitude and perspective when they sell the kits to the public. This will improve the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.
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India, being the biggest producer of drugs including vaccines, emerged as a major supplier of the coronavirus vaccines for most of the countries across the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin, were given emergency use authorization by India's drugs regulator during initial phases. Under the guidance of the National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19, India started its national vaccination program against SARS-CoV-2 on January 16, 2021. CoWIN (COVID-19 Vaccine Intelligence Network) is playing a vital role in real-time monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination. Having a robust Universal Immunization Program and experience of the previous immunization campaigns are advantages for India's COVID-19 vaccination program. Under Vaccine Maitri initiative, India is providing vaccines to nations across the world to ensure vaccine equity. In India, vaccination is being done in a phased manner where priority is given to the health and other frontline workers, people with age >50 years and people with comorbidities and above 18 years. As per the current policy, center government is responsible for buying 75% of all vaccines made for use in India and will distribute it to states based on their populations, disease burdens, and number of people to be vaccinated. Remaining 25% vaccines are available to be procured by private hospitals. However, existing facilities seem to be unable to meet the increased demand, and the government is considering approval for other vaccines to be imported. The world, including India, is still fighting against COVID-19 and vaccine equity is very important to win against this pandemic.
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Background: The Covid-19 pandemic risks disruption to diagnosis and treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) globally, jeopardising the 2035 eradication target. Between 1990-2010 40.9% of contacts did not complete Tuberculosis (TB) contact screening in Birmingham, UK. Understanding screening outcome success is urgently needed to guide future resource allocation. Aim: To evaluate changes made to TB screening since 2010. To identify predictors of contact screening non-completion, and of screening outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of all index and contact patients in Birmingham between 2011-2020, with separation of Covid-19 data, and stratification of contacts by Pulmonary TB (PTB) or Extra-Pulmonary TB (EPTB) index infection. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of screening completion and clinical outcome. Results: 3,255 index cases and 27,820 contacts were identified. Screening non-completion has improved from 40.9% of contacts to 25% since 2010. Contacts were less likely to complete screening if they were >65 years (P=0.001) had no BCG (P<0.001), were male (P<0.001 PTB, P=0.02 EPTB), had had TB themselves (P<0.001 PTB, P=0.025 EPTB), were a close contact (P<0.001), or were from the Indian subcontinent (PTB only, P=0.019). Contacts were significantly more likely to require treatment for TB if they were born outside the UK (P<0.001), were <65 years (P<0.001 PTB, P=0.01 EPTB), if they were male, close contacts, or of Black ethnicity (all P=0.001, PTB only). Conclusions: Changes to contact screening since 2010 have substantially improved screening completion rates. Significant predictors of screening non-completion exist, which warrant further investigation and targeted screening support.